RPM包直接安装MySQL
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文章目录
mysql-community-server数据库服务器和相关工具mysql-community-clientMySQL客户端应用程序和工具mysql-community-libsMySQL数据库客户端应用程序的共享库mysql-community-common服务器和客户端库的通用文件mysql-community-libs-compat以前的MySQL安装的共享兼容性库
1.下载RPM包
下载RPM捆绑包tar文件，该文件包含上面列出的所有RPM软件包，无需再一个个单独下载它们。
官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
2.解压tar文件
gzip mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tartar -zxvf mysql-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar.gzmysql-community-client-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-common-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-devel-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-server-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpmmysql-community-test-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
3.处理原始环境
一台服务器只能安装一个版本的MySQL/MariaDB软件，所以需要删除原有的MySQL/MariaDB
[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysqld[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadbmariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs --nodeps[root@tidb02 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
4.安装MySQL相关包
sudo yum install -y mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*#因为依赖关系最终安装了6个包Dependencies Resolved===================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 219 M mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 732 k mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 9.0 M mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 20 M mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 6.0 M mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.24-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-8.0.24-1.el7.x86_64 2.0 GTransaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================Install 6 Packages 仅安装客户端程序
可以除去mysql-community-server软件包的安装
sudo yum install -y mysql-community-{client,common,libs}-* 5.使用RPM软件包标准安装的MySQL的目录结构
| 文件 | 位置 |
|---|---|
| 客户端和脚本 | /usr/bin |
| 服务器 | /usr/sbin |
| 配置文件 | /etc/my.cnf |
| 数据目录 | /var/lib/mysql |
| 错误日志 | /var/log/mysqld.log |
| System V初始化脚本 | /etc/init.d/mysqld |
| PID文件 | /run/mysqld/mysqld.pid |
| socket文件 | /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock |
| 客户端和脚本 | /usr/bin |
6.启动MySQL
在安装过程结束时，不会自动启动MySQL。对于Red Hat Enterprise Linux，Oracle Linux，CentOS和Fedora系统，使用以下命令来启动MySQL：
[root@tidb02 lib]# systemctl start mysqld[root@tidb02 lib]# systemctl status mysqld● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-05-09 23:10:11 CST; 9s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 12519 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 12596 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─12596 /usr/sbin/mysqldMay 09 23:10:02 tidb02 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...May 09 23:10:11 tidb02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
使用标准的systemctl命令（例如stop，start，status和来管理MySQL服务器服务
7.连接MySQL
MySQL 5.7之后的版本，在初次启动MySQL时会生成临时的密码。超级用户'root'@'localhost'临时密码存储在错误日志文件中，可以通过查看/var/log/mysqld.log来获取。本实例中密码为RCraca*d5Fo0
[root@tidb02 share]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password2021-05-09T15:10:07.052428Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RCraca*d5Fo0
用临时密码登录
[root@tidb02 ~]# mysql -uroot -pEnter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 8.0.24Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
临时密码无法正常操作数据库
比如想查看当前数据库列表，会提示如下错误：
mysql> show databases;ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
修改临时密码
提示必须要修改初始密码，才能执行命令，可以用如下命令进行修改：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Test@123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
修改的密码强度规则
新密码必须满足密码强度规则，默认规则如下：
mysql> show variables like 'validate_password%';+--------------------------------------+--------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------------------+--------+| validate_password.check_user_name | ON || validate_password.dictionary_file | || validate_password.length | 8 || validate_password.mixed_case_count | 1 || validate_password.number_count | 1 || validate_password.policy | MEDIUM || validate_password.special_char_count | 1 |+--------------------------------------+--------+
简单解释一下，新密码至少为8位（length），其中大小写字母至少各一个（mixed_case_count），数字至少一个（number_count），特殊字符至少一个（special_char_count）。如果不满足以上任一条件，则提示如下错误：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'test@123';ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
至此，RPM包安装MySQL完毕。
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